Thursday, October 31, 2019

The Case Marbury V. Madison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Case Marbury V. Madison - Essay Example Thus, this historic case created the concept of Judicial Review or the capability of the Judiciary declaring a law unconstitutional. The court case hence resulted to the Judiciary, Legislative & Executive branches of the government is on an evener power basis ultimately setting the precedent for an infinite number of future historic decisions (Marbury versus Madison, 1803). On the last day in office, Adams the president commissioned sixteen new justices for the circuit court and forty-two peace justices for the Columbia district in his last day in office under the Organic Act, which was meant taking control of the Judiciary of the Federal government by the Federalists before Thomas Jefferson took office. The commissions were consequently signed by President John Adams & sealed by the then acting State Secretary, John Marshall (author of the opinion of this case) before he becomes the Court of Supreme Chief Justice. However, the commissions were not submitted before the end of John Adams’s term as the president of the U.S. resulting to rejection of the appointments by Thomas Jefferson who termed them as invalid on grounds that they were not submitted before the end of John Adams’s term as the president (Marbury versus Madison, 1803). Therefore, this prompted William Marbury one of the appointees filing a writ of mandamus before the Court of Supreme, which had original jurisdiction issuing writs of mandamus to any persons holding office or courts under the U.S. authority, to compel Madison, the Stare Secretary delivering the new appointments. However, supreme led by John Marshall rejected on grounds that the move was unconstitutional under some part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 (Marbury versus Madison, 1803). Â  

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

CH8 disscussion questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CH8 disscussion questions - Essay Example More so, the student may be discouraged and lack for motivation when completing other tasks during other classes. It can be more beneficial to combine the two types of praises making major focus on praising effort rather than ability. It is also important to stress that children can develop the ability if they work hard and next time other students may come up with quick and correct answers. Clearly, time is precious and some educators simply fail to invest classroom time into development of certain skills that can help students to learn more effectively. Nonetheless, it is essential for a teacher to make sure that students acquire the necessary knowledge and skills. An effective strategy can involve giving group tasks. Working in a group will enable a student to observe the way other students work and he/she will be able to use similar strategies in the future. Clearly, it is important to make sure that each group includes slow students as well as bright students. Apart from that, educators have to devote some time to teaching students to use certain learning strategies. Thus, when giving an assignment, it is possible to give students several minutes to discuss strategies they are going to use to do their tasks. The teacher should give some advice and highlight strengths and weaknesses of approaches mentioned. Sometimes a teacher may simply give some tips on completing a task. Willingham (2009) names several strategies that can be applied when helping students to catch up. One of them is quite controversial as asking a student to devote â€Å"a fixed time† to do assignments may be counterproductive since the student may sit with books but think of something else (Willingham, 2009, p. 186). First, it is crucial to make the student understand that he/she will need extra effort to catch up. It is important to add that the student should also understand the importance of catching up. Asking a student to read more or do more tasks

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Supply Chain Management In FMGC Sector In India Commerce Essay

Supply Chain Management In FMGC Sector In India Commerce Essay The Rs.85000 crore FMCG market in Indian is growing at a quick speed despite of the economic downslide. The raising disposable earnings and enhanced lifestyle in most tier II and tier III cities are having an influence on the FMCG development across the nation. Over the years organizations like HUL, ITC and Dabur have enhanced efficiency with innovation and strong distribution channels. Their key products have strengthened their existence and outperformed competition in the FMCG segment. Moreover organizations have been effective in refreshing their existence in the semi-urban and rural marketplaces. This report examines the supply chain management for FMCG companies in India. This starts with an overview of the FMCG sector in India and goes on to explain how the supply chain in such companies across the nation have added value to the industry and how further betterment in the system can add onto the growth of the industry. The report also contains a summary of the key players, including their product portfolio, business operations, and strategies. The report concludes with an industry outlook section. Introduction Statement of Problem The current issues that are affecting supply chain performance in FMCG are: Distributor Performance  Inadequate efficiency of Suppliers and Transporters may cause low levels of client satisfaction and excessive route to Market costs. Although there are factors that Manufacturers cannot influence, especially poor infrastructure, there are many ways in which Distribution and Transport expectations can be considerably improved. Thus managing availability in complex distribution set ups is a challenge Improving Distributor Performance Companies look at improving distribution and transportation through improving current processes and systems. Logistics  Some companies operate with owned warehouses, distribution centers and trucks and are not sure whether this is the best option. Growth Supply Chain Limitations For all companies a key concern is to evaluate all areas of the provide cycle for ways to improve productivity, customer satisfaction and reduce supply chain operational costs and capital put in the supply chain. One common concern is a lot of completed products kept by the maker compared with the relatively low levels of finished products kept by the distributor. Planning Poor forecasting and demand planning is causing production planning issues by continuously changing production plans on a weekly and sometimes daily basis. Production Planning tools are generally felt to be inadequate and either not available within the ERP system or used stand-alone spreadsheets and manual workaround solutions. The other taxation structures, dealing with counterfeit goods, infrastructure, emergence of third party logistics provider and reservation for the small scale sector are some of the other challenges faced by FMCG industries. Purpose of Study India is going through a retail revolution. All the big business homes are coming into this Segment and it is growing at a very fast speed. Worldwide leaders in this sector like Wal- Mart, Tesco and Carefour are also trying to get into the Indian market. Retail is providing incredible possibilities in career. However, our nation also poses a big challenge to organized large retailers particularly in the FMCG sector. Food being perishable item, for the retailer to be successful the key is proper supply chain management. The task comes from a number of factors, e.g. huge size and inhabitants of our nation, different lifestyle and hence different preference, very inadequate infrastructure like inappropriate roadways, bad connection between production centers and markets, lack of proper cold chain facility like refrigerated transportation, ware-housing etc. Under these conditions it is interesting to find out how huge structured retailers are dealing with these problems. In this paper a relative study is made in supply chain management adopted by different players in FMCG segment. Review of Literature Defining Supply Chain Management Supply chain management (SCM) is the process of planning, employing and controlling the operations of the supply chain as effectively as possible. Supply Chain Management ranges all activity and storage of raw materials, work-in-process stock, and finished goods from point-of-origin to point-of-consumption. In other words Supply chain management (SCM) is the art and science to improve the way a company manages its raw components and final output in terms of a product or a service and offers it to customers. Supply chain can be identified as the physical, financial and information networks for the logistic activity of materials, funds and related information. It starts from the acquisition of raw materials to distribution of finished products to the end users. Participants of supply chain include all vendors, service providers and customers. In essence, Supply Chain Management incorporates supply and demand administration within and across companies. Some experts distinguish Supply Chain Management and logistics, while others consider the terms to be interchangeable. It is useful to remember that these are the terms that are used intertwine to define and distinguish between these related terms. Although Supply chain management is no longer a business school concept, but a track proven technology appropriate to just about every company, regardless of the industrial sector. It is a sequence of complicated data that optimize enterprise plans within given set of constraints, backed up by a fully integrated suite of financial, distribution, and human resource management system. Supply Chain Management features planning and management of all activities involved in sourcing, procurement, conversion and logistics management activities. Often, it also includes co-ordination and collaboration with channel partners and customers. Supply Chain Management integrates supply and demand within and across companies. Supply Chain Management execution is handling and co-ordination of the activity of materials, information and resources across the supply chain. Thus, Supply Chain encompasses all activities associated with the flow and transformation of materials and information from the raw material stage through to the end user. Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) goods are commonly named as consumer packaged goods. Items in this category include all consumables (other than groceries/pulses) people buy at regular periods. The most common in the list are toilet soaps, detergents, shampoos, toothpaste, shaving products, shoe polish, packaged foodstuff, and household accessories and extends to certain electronic goods. These items are meant for daily of frequent consumption and have a high return. The FMCG Industry is on a high growth curve with the overall demand expected to multiply over the next decade. This high growth is most likely to be accompanied by significant structural shifts such as changing customer preferences, emergence of modern retail dimensions, growing rural spend tendency. The resultant new challenges that need to be addressed for an efficient and effective supply chain are: Managing generation of different varieties. Aligning to the outstart of new channels. Managing the challenges of reach. Companies are now realizing that current supply chain configurations need to evolve to enable them to participate in achieving growth. This requires fresh thinking on the ways in which an organization would structure itself in terms of its key supply chain processes and drivers. With the presence of 12.2% of the world population in the villages of India, the Indian rural FMCG market is something no one can overlook. Better infrastructure facilities will improve their supply chain. A qualitative study conducted in the past has captured information about the supply chain management in major FMCG Industries in India. Major Players in the FMCG Market in India Domestic players Britannia India Ltd (BIL) BIL is a major player in the Indian biscuit/cookie industry, with famous brands such as Tiger glucose, Mariegold, Fifty-Fifty, Good Day, Pure Magic, Bourbon etc. The company holds a 40 per cent market share in the overall structured biscuit market and has a capacity of 300,000 tonne annually. Indian Tobacco Corporation Ltd (ITC) Indian Tobacco Corporation Ltd is an affiliate of British American Tobacco with a 37 per cent stake. While ITC is an excellent market leader in its traditional businesses of cigarettes, hotels, paperboards, packaging and agro products, it is rapidly getting business even in its nascent businesses of branded apparel, greeting cards and packaged foods and confectionary. Marico Marico is a leading Indian Group came into existence in 1990 and operating in consumer products, aesthetics services and worldwide ayurvedic businesses. The organization also markets food products and distributes third party products. Marico owns well-known labels such as Parachute, Saffola, Sweekar, Shanti Amla, Hair Care, Revive, Mediker, Oil of Malabar and the Sil range of processed foods. The organization plans to capture growth through steady change of selection along higher margin lines and focus on volume development, consolidation of market shares, building up brands and new product promotions. Multinational players Cadbury India Ltd (CIL) Cadbury Indian Ltd is a 93.5 per cent subsidiary of Cadbury Schweppes Plc, UK, and a global major in the chocolate and sugar confectionery market. CIL is currently the largest player in the chocolate market in India with a 70 per cent market share. The organization is also a key player in the malted foods, cocoa powder, drinking chocolate, malt extract food and sugar confectionery segment. CIL had also entered the carbonated drinks market with brands like Canada Dry and Crush, which were subsequently sold to Coca Cola in 1999. Established brands include Dairy Milk, Perk, Crackle, 5 Star, Éclairs, Gems, Fructus, Bournvita etc. The company plans to increase the number of retail stores for future growth and market expansion. Colgate-Palmolive India Colgate Palmolive India is the market leader in the Indian oral care industry, with a 51 per cent market share in the toothpaste segment, 48 per cent market share in the toothpowder market and a 30 per cent share in the toothbrush market. The company also has a presence in the premium toilet soap segment and in shaving items, which are sold under the Palmolive brand. The company plans to launch new products in dental and personal care segments and is prepared to continue spending on advertising and marketing to gain market share. Profit margins are being targeted through efficient supply chain management and bringing down cost of operations. Hindustan Unilever Ltd (HUL) Hindustan Unilever Ltd is the nations largest and most significant consumer goods company. The product portfolio of the company includes household and personal care products like soaps, detergents, shampoos, skin care products, colour cosmetics, deodorants and perfumes. It is also the market leader in tea, processed coffee, branded wheat flour, tomato products, ice cream, jams and squashes. HUL enjoys a solid distribution network masking over 3,400 distributors and 16 million outlets. Nestle India Ltd (NIL) Nestle India Ltd a subsidiary of Nestle SA, Switzerland, is a leading manufacturer of food products in India. Its products include soluble coffee, coffee blends and teas, condensed milk, noodles (81 per cent market share), infant milk powders (75 per cent market share) and cereals (80 per cent market share). Nestle has also established its presence in chocolates, confectioneries and other processed foods. Soluble drinks and dairy products are the major contributors to Nestles total sales. Some of Nestles popular labels are Nescafe, Milkmaid, Maggi and Cerelac. The company has entered the cold milk products segment with the launch of Nestle Dahi. Nestle has also made a venture in non-carbonated cold beverages segment through placement of Nestea iced tea and Nescafe Frappe selling machines. PepsiCo PepsiCo is a world leader in convenient foods and beverages. PepsiCo brands are available in nearly 200 markets worldwide. PepsiCo entered India in 1989 and is working on three focus areas soft drink concentrate, snack foods and vegetable and food processing. PepsiCos success is the result of excellent products, high standards of performance and unique competitive strategies. Procter Gamble Hygiene and Health Care Limited The overall portfolio of Procter Gamble Hygiene and Health Care Limited includes healthcare; feminine-care; hair care and clothing care businesses. PGHH operates in just two business segments Vicks range of cough cold remedies and Whisper range of feminine hygiene. The parent company has declared its plan to discover further external collaborations in India to meet its global innovation and knowledge needs. Gap Analysis Indian organizations are still keeping up with among the Material Resource Planning (MRP-II), Enterprises Resource Planning (ERP), Logistics and Supply Chain Management (SCM). However, it is quite apparent that Indian corporate sector is fast realizing the need of  SCM, which can integrate all other practices and procedures. SCM in India offers one of  the fastest growth areas in revenues as well as employment. India started a little overdue for restructuring and reformulating the strategies relevant with supply chain. However, there is no doubt that Indian industries are fast catching and preparing for meeting the new business environment. A study of available literature related with Indian business practices after 1991s liberalization guidelines show that organizations are concerned about their value chain and identifying that competition is shifting towards  the efficiency and performance  of entire supply  chain activities. The traces of SCM adoption by Indian organizations are given as: Until 1990, logistics was treated as the management of transportation, inventories and warehousing and organizations had to perform these activities individually in an efficient manner. Before opening of Indian market, Indian business giants were enjoying the single play with stable development of capacities. Later on when they heard the music of competition, they found themselves with excess capacities with huge cost burdens. This required organizations to control the cost factor for the survival at marketplace. At the same time of 1990s, Indian companies got fascinated by Business Process Re-engineering (BPR). Organizations treated BPR as remedy of their illness across the organizations processes and functions by eliminating the non-value adding activities and streamlining the operations with a guarantee of higher returns. Fast growth and development of telecommunication networks and wide spread of information technology tools and techniques after mid 1990s presented the biggest challenge in managing well-informed clients. Nevertheless, these changes also provided the most significant boost to Indian industries because organizations discovered themselves able to reach out vendors or suppliers on one end, and clients to the other. Due to this revolution only, ERP-II integrated the internal departments into a seamless organization, whereas, SCM attempts to integrate the exterior factors and processes into the internal procedures. Research Methodology The methodology used for this study is that of primary research. Surveys were given out to 30 FMCG stockiest. By collecting and analysing the results of the surveys we arrive at conclusions for each of the considered questions. In the survey we consider 12 questions. Sampling The sampling plan for the study decides the work area that is the population, which has to be surveyed. A Brief idea about the sampling for this research consisting of its different parameters is given below: The research methodology comprises of the following: Sampling Method (Judgment sampling) In this type of the sampling the researcher uses his judgment to select population members who are good source for accurate information. Sampling Universe The sample universe taken is Andheri (W), Mumbai. Sample size In this study sample size is of 30 FMCG stockiest. Due to the shortage of time the research size is taken short so that the research can be done easily. DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH The research is primarily descriptive as the problem is very specific and a certain set of answers only while provide the insight to the solution. EXPLANATORY RESEARCH This stage develops a precise theory which is used to explain empirical generalizations that are derived from descriptive stage. DATA COLLECTION The data has been primarily collected from the various customers, their opinions and answers are recorded in the form of an excel sheet. DATA ANALYSIS (ACTIVITIES AND TECHNIQUES) There are three different activities in data analysis:- Data Reduction- in this data is selected, focused, simplified, abstracted and transformed. The data is organized. Data Display- data is compressed, reduced and organized. Conclusion Drawing and Verification. Questionnaire And Analysis Level of awareness towards Supply Chain Management in the FMCG sector Degree of willingness to accept Supply Chain Management for better profitability achievement Choices for a better Supply Chain Solutions Insufficient funds affecting the implementation of Supply Chain Management Satisfaction level with Supply Chain Solutions Level up to which new emerging technologies are beneficial in providing better Supply Chain Solution Most preferred option of the advantages of implementation of Supply Chain Solution Role of Supply Chain in the Total Performance of a business Willingness level for outsourcing Supply Chain services Importance of Supply Chain solutions in FMCG sector compared to other commodities Objectives of the FMCG Companies Challenges shaping the startegies of FMCG companies Findings and Conclusion Most of the stockiest across Andheri(W) are well aware about the Supply Chain Management fundamental but approximately 20 % stockiest are not aware about the same; they follow traditional way to deliver good to their customers. Supply chain management is known to be one of the most important tools to increase total profitability. Particularly in case of stockiest business supply chain contribution forms major part of total profit. But in Andheri(W) 28 % stockiest dont believe that supply chain helps form major part of their total profit. Willingness level to accept the supply chain management advantage of better profitability achievement is also not very satisfactory. On the basis of above response, most of the stockiest have many options for alternative Supply Chain Solutions, some have moderate level of options for the same. But 35% stockiest have very few options for alternative Supply Chain Solutions. Those who have very few options for Supply Chain feel trouble when they want to increase supply chain performance. Supply chain cost contributes to the major part of the total cost in the FMCG stockiest business. But effective supply chain management would be helpful in reduction of cost and increase profit. In the survey 22% stockiest respondents feel cost deficiency does not hinder the implementation of supply chain solutions. Satisfaction level among respondents towards Supply Chain Solutions is high. 50% of the respondents feel so. In survey 22 % stockiest fell emerging technologies are not beneficial in providing better supply chain solutions which shows that either they are not aware or not interested in using emerging technologies in their business process. 48% of the stockiest feel that Better lead time is the most preferred option of the advantages of implementation of Supply Chain Solution. According to the survey respondents feel that Supply Chain plays a major role in uplifting the total performance of the business. Respondent Stockiest dont like to outsource supply chain solutions because their business is all about supply chain. Outsourcing supply chain solutions from third party supply chain service provider would directly impact their total profit. But 24% stockiest feel they would like to or are currently outsourcing their supply chain solutions. Supply Chain solutions hold a high importance in the FMCG sector as compared to other commodities sector in India. Reduce out-of-stocks/increase shelf availability has been rated it as the first priority by the respondents. Followed by Lower sourcing/procurement costs, Improve service offered to customers, Reduce investment in inventory and Lower warehousing and distribution costs. As far as challenges in the FMCG sector are concerned, the picture is somewhat more practical and tactically oriented. The ongoing struggle to make the supply chain demand-driven and lean is the regarded as a serious and critical challenge to the FMCG sector. So the need is to create a better promotional awareness by FMCG key players to offer different version of SCM solutions because stockiest feel that they can offer better time bound delivery of product to their customer and can manage their inventory in a better way such that it poses out to be a strategic advantage to their business.

Friday, October 25, 2019

Marxist Perspective on Education Essay -- Education

Education system is seen as an important part of the superstructure in society. This statement was written in a Marxism perspective by individuals who see education not just an important part of the superstructure but as well an important aspect in a child life. Even though Karl Marx himself did not widely write about education, many of his followers did. This paper will look at how class and alienation which is a theory that Karl Marx wrote, plays a part in education and a general look at the perspective and how it relates to education. Secondly this essay will look at how other perspective not only relates to Marxism but as well as education. Lastly, this paper will look at how Marxism perspective can play an important role in the future of education. Class and Alienation is one of the theories that Marx’s came up with, which can also be used when looking at education. This is a theory that shows how a Marx’s perspective critiques the function of schooling society. According to Marxists, education does not give everybody a fair chance and that it uses the â€Å"alienation of schoolwork† (idea that children will do the work if they are rewarding for doing it), to socially control people until they are ready for ‘exploitation’ in the world of work (Functions of Education According to Functionalists and Marxists , 2009). Alienation for Marx was based on work where to alienated labour there was two steps, the first one was to alienate nature from man and second was to alienate man from himself from his own active function, his life activity so it alienates him from the species (Grusky, 2001). When looking at this statement and comparing it to education, one can see the similarities between the two. Marxist claim that alienation bein... ...rom http://socyberty.com/education/the-functions-of-education-according-to-functionalists-and-marxists/ Cole, M. (2004). US Imperialism, Transmodernism and Education: a Marxist critique. Policy Futures in Education, 633-643. Fekete, P. (2002). Perspectives on Education. 1-6. Grusky, D. B. (2001). Alienation and Social Classes . Social Stratification: Class, Race, and Gender in Sociological Perspective , 87-105. Kellner, D. (n.d.). Marxian Perspectives on Educational Philosophy: From Classical Marxism to Critical Pedagogy . 1-19. Nathaila, P. M. (2010). Not Neo-Marxist, Not Post-Marxist, Not Marxian, Not Autonomist Marxism: Reflections on a Revolutionary (Marxist) Critical Pedagogy. Cultural Studies , 251-262. Small, R. (2005). Marx and Education . Hampshire : Ashgate Publishing Limited . tubbs, N. (1999). Marx. Encyclopaedia of Philosophy of Education, 1-6.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Save the Planet Earth

Our planet is in great danger. For the last one hundred or so years, the people of earth have wasted and misused the natural recourses of earth. Several plans have been developed to stop the abuse of earth. Some of these plans I will discuss in this essay, many of which can be executed by any one. Environmental problems have become so complex that many individuals feel they can have no effect on them.Problems like oil spills, hazardous waste, loss of rain forests, endangered species, acid rain, the ozone layer, the municipal waste crisis can feel out of our control. At the very least, these problems require group and corporate action or government intervention. However, there are some things the individual can control. Our waste reduction and recycling activities can make a difference. That's why so many communities began voluntary recycling programs.There are some household items that are dangerous if they are just thrown away with the regular garbage these items can damage the envi ronment and injure plant and animal life some of these may include moth balls, spot removers, aerosol cans, fluorescent light tubes and shoe polish. Your local waste management agency has information on how to properly dispose of these items.A compost bin may be set up in your yard. Compost bins return plant and some food materials to the soil through decomposition so it can be used as a natural soil additive, called compost. Compost improves soil texture, increases the ability of soil to absorb oxygen and water. Compost also suppresses weed growth and reduces the need to add chemicals and pesticides to plants, which may be harmful to the environment.Keeping recycle bens in the kitchen may help to stop people from accidentally throwing into the trash an item that could have been recycled. Some recyclable items include glass, paper, and most types of mettle. You want to be sure that glass, paper and mettle are all separated into different bins. Once these bins are full of recyclable materials they can be given to your local recycle center.Solar panels are a series of mirrors that transform sunlight into solar energy. Solar energy can help heat water and power home appliances. Solar energy is a great source of clean, non-polluting energy.The home is not the only place wear people can pitch in and help the environment. School playgrounds can use recyclable materials for play equipment and to make the play ground safe for the children. Old rubber tires can be made into a recreation area where kids can crawl in and out. Sports coaches may also use old tires, by having the kids run through them, to test the kids stamina and agility. Jungle gyms, slides and swing sets can be made from recycled mettles.The school and public libraries are great examples of the reuse of materials. Books can be barrowed, read and returned instead of every one who wants to read a certain book going and purchasing a copy. The reuse of these books saves thousands of trees that would be used to make copies of books. The library also offers computers that can be used for research, by using the Internet, by taping the local or global newspaper web sights and other research centers around the world. Receiving information through the Internet saves paper and energy consumption is reduced.By taking school buses or car pools to school instead of individual vehicles, students can not only save fuel but also reduce both traffic and air pollution. People may also try to invest in electronic vehicles, which do not pollute. People should make sure to keep maintenance up on their vehicles to prevent unnecessary toxins from entering the environment.The idea of a landfill is a great one, but it won’t work if people continue to believe it is a place for all trash. A landfill is a big divot dug out of the earth for garbage disposal.We need to make sure we don’t put chemicals or non-biodegradable substances into these landfills because they are harmful to plants and anima ls, they may also contaminate our drinking water. A few of these chemicals include antifreeze, insecticide, batteries and Styrofoam, for proper disposal of these items contact your local waste management agency.You can help save natural resources by taking your old belongings that are no longer needed to a second hand store or the Salvation Army. A second hand store is a place where people can purchase donated items at a cheaper price than if they were to buy it brand new. The Salvation Army is much like a second hand store, but the items are free. Most items found at a second hand store or The Salvation Army are articles of clothing. The benefit to donating old items is that when people find what they need at a second hand store or The Salvation Army fewer items are manufactured which means you are saving natural recourses.We can help, over the last twenty to thirty years we have been trying every thing in our power to conserve energy and natural resources, many plans have been dev eloped as to what should be done all of which are very good ones. The problem with these plans is that not every one contributes to the efforts to reduce pollution and waste, in fact most of the people I know believe recycling is a waste of time and they by them selves cannot make the difference.In some cases, I have found myself questioning my efforts. However, it is still important that we don’t quit. If only every one in every home would decide to do their part and help to keep our air clean, our water unpolluted and our wild life safe. The Earth is our home and we need to protect it.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Psychology †Nature/Nurture Debate Essay

â€Å"Outline and comment on the two schools of thought involved in the study of the nature-nurture debate in psychology. Explain, using examples, why this debate gives rise to so much controversy.†Ã‚  The debate concerning the influence of nature and nurture (or heredity and environment) on human behaviour is one of the longest running, and most controversial, both inside and outside psychology. It deals with some of the most fundamental questions that human beings ask about themselves, such as ‘How do we come to be the way we are?’ and ‘What makes us develop in the way we do?’ (Gross 2005, P.900) There are three sides to the debate: on the nature side are the nativists or ethologists who believe that children develop almost entirely as a result of genetic influences, with their environment having little effect; on the nurture side are the behaviourists or empiricists who believe people are born as a blank slate which is ‘filled-in’ over a lifetime through learning and experience; and in the middle are the interactionists who, hence the name, believe children develop as a result of an interaction between biology and environment. I will now look at the arguments in more detail. Genetic transmission is the way we acquire characteristics through inheritance. Each cell in the body contains a nucleus, which contains a substance called DNA. The main role of DNA molecules is the long-term storage of information. DNA is organised into long strands called chromosomes, and each chromosome is made up of thousands of genes. Genes are the basic unit of hereditary transmission and direct the way that growth and development happen within a plant or animal. Just after an animal is conceived, it is made up of a tiny group of cells. As these grow and divide, each gene acts as a code or set of instructions for making a particular protein. These proteins control the cell’s internal chemistry and tell the cell what to do, giving the organism particular characteristics and determining the way its body functions. We inherit 23 pairs of chromosomes from our parents, 46 in all, half from our Mother and the other half from our Father. They combine to produce all the information an embryo needs to develop biologically. Since we inherit particular chromosomes through the egg and sperm, we also inherit the particular characteristics coded for by the genes on those chromosomes. Arnold Gesell, a pioneer of developmental psychology, was an extreme nativist. He believed all individuals pass through the same genetically programmed series of changes, with the instructions for these changes being passed on at the moment of conception. â€Å"Gesell was mainly concerned with infants’ psychomotor development (such a grasping and other manipulative skills), and locomotion (such as crawling and walking)† (Gross 2005, P.901). Gesell established a research institute devoted to identifying ‘normal’ ages for a wide variety of behaviors and characteristics; he used a motion picture camera to film thousands of children in various stages of development. This genetically programmed series of changes is called maturation. It is important to look at maturation as we try to understand genetic influences on behaviour. Some genetic influences are obvious at birth such as hereditary illnesses or abnormalities such as Down’s syndrome, but the things we inherit don’t necessarily show up all at once. â€Å"The physiological changes which take place during puberty, for example, arise because of genes that are present at conception, but they only happen when the body is mature enough for them to take place. In the same way, certain forms of behaviour may only emerge once the individual is mature enough† (Hayes and Orrell 1998, P.7). In 1938 Lorenz and Tinbergen put forward four characteristics to identify directly inherited behaviour in animals. These are: stereotyped behaviour, which always occurs in the same way because behaviour which is directly caused by genetic influence can’t be affected by the environment; species-specific behaviour, because each species has its own genetic make-up the behaviour should differ to that of other species; the behaviour should appear in animals raised in isolation, because if it is truly inherited there should be no need to learn it; and the behaviour should appear complete even if the animal has not had chance to learn it.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Holiday Inn Case Study †Business Paper

Holiday Inn Case Study – Business Paper Free Online Research Papers Holiday Inn Case Study Business Paper I am going to produce a report on a large sized organisation. I have decided to investigate a large hotel chain called intercontinental hotels group plc. I will find out the following information: Details of their important stakeholders How Customers are protected by the law The job roles in the organisation The working arrangements for staff in the organisation How staff are recruited and trained Employer and employee rights Health and safety issues in the organisation. Intercontinental hotels group plc (I.H.G) is the world’s most global hotel company and has the largest number of rooms .the group has more than 350 owned, leased, managed and franchised hotels and approximately 536,000 guest rooms across nearly 100 country territories. The group owns many different brands of hotels: Intercontinental hotels Crown plaza hotels and resorts Holiday inn hotels and resorts Indigo hotels Holiday inn express Candle wood suites Stay bridge suites For my portfolio I am going to investigate this company and focus on the holiday inn hotels and resorts brand of hotels. Holiday inn hotels can be found all over the world no matter where you are travelling you will find a familiar place to stay at holiday inn hotels. With more than 1,500 holiday inn full service hotels around the world, you will be sure to find a convenient location offering many features to make your stay more enjoyable including comfortable guest rooms equipped with coffee makers, hair dryers and irons. today’s holiday inn hotel offers travellers full service amenities such as restaurants and room service, relaxing lounge, swimming pool and fitness centre for the business traveller today’s holiday inn hotel offers 24 hour business services, meeting facilities and the holiday inn meeting promise. Today’s holiday inn offers you more of what you are looking for. The Holiday Inn History The holiday inn is a medium to large sized business there is 3,500 spread all around the world This is a map of the holiday inn which is in Bexley On 1st August 1952, the first Holiday Inn hotel opened on a roadside location in Memphis, Tennessee, the result of one mans refusal to compromise his standards. Today, Holiday Inn continues to lead the way. Intercontinental Hotels Group, owned by Intercontinental TM Hotels Group of the UK with head offices in Atlanta and Brussels, operates or franchises more than 2800 hotels with 450,000 guest rooms in over 90 countries worldwide. Entrepreneur Kemmons Wilson opened his first Holiday Inn hotel on the outskirts of his home town after he had repeatedly encountered uncomfortable, inconsistent and overpriced accommodation on his leisure holiday. This hotel had 120 guest rooms each with a private bathroom, air conditioning and a telephone. Additional features included a swimming pool, free ice cubes, free parking and dog kennels. Children under 19 years old could stay free in their parents room. Stakeholders A stakeholder is any one who is interested in a business. A stakeholder does not have to be part of the business to be a stakeholder. If they are affected by the business then they will be a stakeholder. A business has lots of different stakeholders such as customers, owners and shareholders, pressure groups, the community, the government, financiers, suppliers and employees and managers. The community The community is interested in the job availability, environmental and social issues. They are concerned about pollution and the times of the deliveries because if the deliveries are at night time they will get annoyed over the noise and complain to the business and give them a bad name. They do not want the fresh air or clean water getting polluted. They might join or set up a pressure group of people to help complain to the company. The community feels the company should get involved in some of the main events or sponsor the event. If the local community are not happy then they will set up a campaign to force the holiday inn to change or shut down. Customers If a customer goes to a business they are looking for good service and good quality of the goods they are buying. So the company tries its best to try keep the customers coming to their in there business. They don’t wont unhappy customers to spread a bad word about them and put the reputation of the company in danger. If they do give them a bad reputation the business will lose its customers and become bankrupt and lose its business. In some companies they have to have health and safety checks for customers to be safe. In the holiday inn there are two types of customers The first type of customers is the corporate customers, this is people who belong to a main company and want a quick and efficient service they don’t want the staff to listen to their meetings they want them to be private and confidential. They expect to have internet access in the hotel room. They also want to be able to use different size conference rooms so they will be able to use them for meetings and have different amounts of people in the meetings. The second type of customers is the leisure customers, these are ordinary people who would use the hotel and its facilities for there enjoyment and holidays. They expect the staff to give them directions to the theme parks and beaches etc. They want the hotel to have good and clean facilities they would want the food to be fresh and not to be burnt. They don’t want to be ignored and treated as if they are there for business. They want the swimming pools to be cleaned regularly. They want the staff to know the area to help them out. Some people like to have there weddings at the hotel they expect the bar to have full stock and to have place decorated nicely to have the photos taken. They expect the staff’s service to be great. The holiday inn has leaflet points inside the hotel to help the customers find out where the parks, play areas, shows, theme parks, etc. the hotel has luxury rooms for the customers to relax and enjoy there selves. The holiday inn does provide disa bled rooms with wheelchair access so the disabled people can have the chance to go on holiday. The disabled people expect to be able to access to the hotel and rooms without having to go up any stairs and be able to enjoy them selves without having to struggle. The holiday inn train there staff to be very friendly and helpful so the customers are happy with there service and come back to the holiday inn next time they go back on holiday. The hotel keeps the customers interested by doing special offers and gives them free evening meals on certain nights. If the customer is not happy then they might phone the holiday inn and complain, or they might leave there holiday and go home or to a different hotel and give the holiday inn a bad reputation. If the holiday inn gets a bad reputation then it will lose more customers because people may not like what they have heard about the holiday inn, when this happens then the holiday inn may become bankrupt though losing all of their customers. The financiers The financiers are interested in how the business is doing so they know when they can get there money back with a bit of interest and if the business is ok to give them any more loans in the future. If the company is unable to repay its loan then the bank will be able to take over the business and sell it to get its money back what the company borrowed. Then the company will become bankrupt and unable to carry on running the business. If the financiers are not happy they will quit and the holiday inn will not know how much it has to spend and if they are in debt. The Managers Managers get paid more money than the employees they will get bonuses for there work and they have to motivate there staff at the beginning of the week so they are ready to work to there full potential throughout the whole of the week if the staff are working less than they can the manager has to motivate them again. If the employee is never working as good as he/she needs to be they may send him/her on a course to help regain his/her job but some companies will give them about three warnings then tell them if there being sacked or not. If the managers are not happy they will not be able to motivate the staff good enough so the holiday inn will not be able to run from day to day. The Suppliers The suppliers are interested if they can get money for the products they deliver if they don’t get there money then they will tell other suppliers and won’t deliver any more products to the company and the other suppliers will not let the company order any products from them. The suppliers are local or national. Local means they only deliver to the surrounding area. National means they deliver all over the world. The suppliers have to deliver the goods maybe at the daytime or at an appropriate time or the local community will complain to them if they are trying to sleep. Good suppliers are important to a business because they need to rely on them for there supplies. If the suppliers are not happy with the holiday inn they will stop supplying the goods to the holiday inn and tell other suppliers about the holiday inn making it hard for the holiday inn to find a good supplier. The Government The Governments main interest as stakeholders is that they want to make sure that they get corporation tax off the business. Corporation tax is the tax that a business pays out of its profits. The government also has an interest in weather or not a business is abiding by the law. If the business is not abiding by the law then the government will shut the business down or recall the item sold and put a ban on it. If the government are not happy they will send inspectors to check the cleanliness of the kitchens in the holiday inn or they might fine the holiday inn to warn them that they are not up to standard, they may even shut the business down until it can reach the standards. Pressure groups Pressure groups are groups that force companies to change what they sell or what there opening times are and the times of delivery’s and put pressure on them. They also try to give them a bad name by: Protesting giving them a bad name putting there point in the newspapers They also care about the environment and the rivers and seas. The trade unions are main types of pressure groups trade unions are groups that help to give advice to employees telling them what to do if they are not getting equal pay, unfair dismissal, etc. The staff at the holiday inn are not members of a trade union because the hotel industry is not yet unionised this is a disadvantage to them because they do not have any where to turn to when they have problems with the business this might cause problems later when they want to get promoted. When the pressure groups are not happy they will put there point in the newspapers or protest which will give the holiday inn a bad name. Owners and Shareholders People become stakeholders by buying the shares. Then they come under the category owners and shareholders. They are called these because they own some of the shares from the business. If the business is doing well they can sell them for more than they paid but if the business is going down hill they will try to sell them quick so they can get some money for them. When the business becomes bankrupt the shares will be no good and you would waste your money by buying them. If the owners and shareholders are not happy with the holiday inn then they will sell there shares and then will not be a stakeholder any more and will give the holiday inn a bad name. Employees The employees do most of the work and greet most of the people who stay in the hotel. The employees get paid an average rate and probably don’t get bonuses unless they get promoted. These have interviews on regular basis. The employees will get interviewed by the human resources managers. Interviewing employees is important as for the managers need to know if they need promoting or demoting. They will then try to find a place higher up for the employee to be promoted. The company has to have a health and safety check every so often to make sure the surrounding area is safe for the employees and in some cases the customers. The employees can sue the company if they get hurt though the companies fault. The employees have to be trained to do there job good enough to impress the customers or they might get fired. If they get fired but the company has not got an official reason then the employee can sue the company for sacking them without a reason. The company has to give the employee a contract telling them how many weeks notice they have to give them before they sack them it has to be at least four weeks notice before they can sack them or the employee can sue the company. In the contract both parties (the employer and employee) have to sign it making it a legally binding document. If the employee is unhappy with the holiday inn then they can terminate there contract and then give the holiday inn a bad name. Customers Service For many businesses, putting the customers first is a prime aim. The holiday inn makes sure that there customer service is the best and up to a great standard so they do not lose any customers or get a bad image. Customer service is the way a business treats the customers and how they present there company’s image. The staff must know what to do if a customer is not happy with what they paid for, the way staff have treated them and how long they have had to wait to get what they want. The staff has to treat the customer as number one to keep them satisfied with the service they are receiving. If the customer is unhappy with the service or the way they have been treated they may have demands to see the manager. They have to know about the available product range, that the product range can be delivered if necessary, if the product is safe and reliable, be able to provide information and advice on a product, whether or not the customer can pay over a period of time, if after-sales-service are available- guarantees, spare parts, help-lines. The holiday inn train there staff to know this information so they can get a good reputation and gain more profits. Customer service can happen inside the company and outside. Inside means the employees treating each other as customers for smooth and efficient work. Outside means the employees treating the customers nice and being friendly to them. Customer service should be the main aim of every business. To provide an excellent service is also to provide excellent product information so the customer knows what they are paying for. Good businesses will give customers cards, leaflets or questionnaires to see if they are happy with there service if they get a bad reply then they will try to fix the problem and reply to the customer telling them they have improved if they have improved. If the business gets a complaint they will try to sort it out quickly and efficiently or the customer will get more annoyed. In order to keep the customer they have to make sure that the problems will not happen again. If the problems happen again then the customers are likely to go some where else to get there products and may give the company a bad name by spreading the word of what the service is like to stop other customers from using the service. They may also complain about the company which is a lot of hassle for the company and it may waste a lot of there time and money which the business cant afford to waste this money. If a business wins the customers satisfaction then the customer will spread what they think of the company but if the business disappoints the customer then they will tell all there friends so the business will lose more customers. If a business has a website then they must treat this as customer service and make sure it is updated and has a fast connection speed so the customer does not have to wait for a long time to enter the web pages, they must also make it able to order or reserve there product. The holiday inn recruit staff to make sure this is a good service. Consumer Protection A consumer uses the goods or services to help them maybe relax, have fun or save time. The consumer is protected by the supply of goods and services act 1982, this protects them by stating that anyone who supplies a service (a holiday) must carry out the work with reasonable care and skill within a reasonable time at a reasonable price Job Roles Explained General Manager The general manager of any business is the person who has the most responsibility within the business. The general manger of the holiday inn is called Jay Welinkar. He has to make sure the hotel meets the budget limit which is agreed with the head office. He must talk to the main people within the business to make sure that targets are being met. This is done by making sure there are more people coming to the hotel. He must also make sure the company meets other strategies so they can get a higher budget limit for the next year. All the senior members of staff have a meeting with the general manager to talk about the previous day’s financial business, any guest comments, maintenance issues and the day ahead. A four year collage degree is preferred or equivalent work experience. Special consideration will be given to those who exhibit exemplary performance. Operations Manager The operations manager runs the business on a day to day basis and when the general manager isn’t there he has to take over his job until he is back. Gianfranco Boccuzzi from the holiday inn has to meet with all the head of departments and discuss staffing problems, serious guest complaints, and anything which the department can deal with on there own. He has to arrive really early in the morning to check if the hotel is generally clean ready for the guests. To make sure guests are comfortable he will meet with them maybe at breakfast and talk to them asking if there are any problems and try to make it the best holiday for them. Receptionists Being a receptionist is important because you will have to be friendly with the guests because that is the first impression of the hotel so they want it to be a good one to keep the guests happy with the hotel. This is also the main point where all the messages come though whether it is for staff or guests. Excellent communication skills are required for the role both verbal and written. Ensure our guests receive a warm friendly welcome while delivering fast efficient accurate check in and check out. The Food And Beverage Manager The food and beverage manager plays an important role in the hotel. Apart from the general manager and the operations manager the food and beverage manager runs the biggest number of staff in the hotel, this is because his job is to run three small departments: Restaurant - Serve all the meals in the hotel during breakfast lunch and dinner and also for any functions which the hotel holds, such as weddings. Room Service- Serve all the room service meals to the guests. They are responsible for taking the order, placing the order with the kitchen and delivering the food to the guest’s rooms. Bar– The bar staff serve all the beverages in the hotel. This can be to guests who just want a drink in the hotel lounge, to guests who are sitting at a table in the restaurant, or for a room service order. Strong coach/leader whose commitment to training his/her staff is paramount. Head Chef The head chef is in control of all the food prepared for the hotel he has to sort out the daily breakfast, dinner or lunch, wedding dinner, conferences and room service orders. The head chef does not prepare any of the meals he has a group of people who prepare the meals for him. To effectively run the hotel kitchen in areas of profit management, stock, wastage control, hygiene, organisation, food standards, observations, training and personnel within the department. To have a thorough knowledge of the law with regard to the following company regulations: Fire regulations and procedures Health and safety regulations First aid procedures Food hygiene regulations Food Safety Manual -To ensure that all kitchen personnel are correctly attired and to maintain a high standard of personal hygiene and cleanliness. To undertake special duties or work outside the normal daily/weekly routine but within the overall scope of the position at the request of the Operations Manager/General Manager. The Head Housekeeper The head housekeeper has to ensure that her staff are cleaning the rooms proper and which rooms are not clean, she will then have to send someone to clean that room to make sure the guests are happy with there room. If they are not happy with it she will clean it herself to meet there standards. The Head Housekeeper is responsible for managing her stocks of cleaning materials, bed linen, and must maintain constant communication with the maintenance department for anything broken or damaged in the rooms such as light bulbs, broken furniture. This will reduce guest complaints and improve the guest satisfaction. The head house keeper’s job role is to ensure that your teams are developed to deliver the brand standards outlined in the hotel operating manual. Sales Manager The sales manager has to deal with all the promotions, posters, advertisements. When people stop coming to the hotel and the level of people start to drop the sales manager talks to the general manager to put any strategies in to action to get more people to come to the hotel and use there facilities, this can be done by advertising to the local press and having special offers in newspapers and on the internet. The Sales Manager will receive a basic salary and will receive a bonus if they achieve a level of occupancy in the hotel. This will keep them focused and always working hard to reach their goal. Prior sales experience mandatory. Would prefer previous experience in hotel sales. The Accounts Manager The accounts manager is responsible for ensuring that the accounts department is run properly and effectively it is his responsibility to make sure that their tax fillings are done correctly in accordance with the law. He meets often with the local government tax authority for the Borough of Bexley. Also he controls all the money coming in and going. The account manager is assisted by a team of four accountants as all the departments are ordering new stock they have to ensure that the payments are made on time. If not then they have to try getting the money and paying the company the money. The accounts department will prepare figures on a daily basis for the General Manager, so that he can see exactly how the hotel is managing financially. Accounts administrator is required to perform the daily banking reports, balance postings and ensure all revenues are balanced and If you have an eye for detail, you can interpret information to communicate with others and enjoy working in a small but busy team this could be the opportunity for you. Petty cash postings must be checked to ensure they have the correct backup and floats must also be checked on a weekly basis. The Accounting Manager should be hospitality experienced and familiar with most systems such as: Quick Books, PAYCHEX, Microsoft, OSAS, Microsoft Excel, Word and Holidex. Previous experience as a hotel Account Manager desirable Conference manager The conference manager’s main responsibility is to take bookings for the meeting rooms which the hotel has. The Academy Conference Centre has a reception desk much the same as the main hotel reception and works in the very same way. However, rather than checking guests in and out of the hotel, they check conference guests into and out of the conference centre. He must communicate with the FB manager to make sure that food is made and delivered on time to the conference rooms. They take on a small role similar to the Sales Manger by showing the facilities to prospective customers who may be thinking about booking a conference or meeting at the hotel in the future. He arranges what rooms the meetings are in. To ensure the adherence of company standards, policies and procedures through on-going training, leadership, guidance and equitable enforcement of progressive discipline and know the Achievement of budgeted profitability through effective management of food and beverage cost control procedures, and effective allocation of labour. References/referee A reference/referee is somebody who a potential employee gives their potential employee permission to contact to make queries about them Recruitment In the human resources department recruitment and selection is a main role. Recruitment is when a company needs employees and advertises for a job application, when the pile of application forms arrives on the desk from the post and they have to find the right person to do a particular job in the company then they have to move on to selection. Selection is when the human resources department looks though the pile of application forms; they will then arrange to see the people who fit there needs from the piles to have a meeting with them and will choose someone from that category. They can choose to promote someone from inside the company these are internal candidates or they can select someone from outside the business this is an external candidate The benefits from choosing an internal candidate is other employees think they might get a promotion; they will get more applicants if they think they could get a promotion in the future, they know the company and can learn the job quickly. The benefits of choosing an external candidate is by bringing a new person in to the company may bring new skills and ideas and there will be a wider range of selection showing the company is an equal opportunities employer. If they want to get an external candidate then they will advertise in the newspapers, on the internet, in shop windows and trough leaflets. When advertising they need to make sure they don’t go against any laws and mention and they mention what type of person is needed for the job. The new staff can only be hired when the company needs someone and when the company can afford to pay for the wages of the new staff. Some departments get a budget limit for staff and they are only allowed to recruit someone if it has been agreed by the management. A job description is a list telling people what they have to do in there new job if they do not like it then they should not apply for the job. They will put this in the job description in the advertisement so the applicants know what to do. A person specification is what qualifications, skills and attributes the person needs to do the certain job that is available if they do not have these skills then they will not be able to get the job they applied for. A specification will help deal with to process the applications more fairly and easier. In this part of the recruitment is to advertise the job that is available. Advertisements are usually drafted up using the information from the job description and person specification. The applicants may be asked to: Send in a CV (curriculum vitae) Complete an official application form To call in to the human resources department in person A CV is a document that tells your employer what skills you have, name, address, previous jobs and qualifications. Legal and ethnic All companies should be equal opportunities employers Recruitment of workers in the holiday inn Within the holiday inn there are highly skilled, skilled and unskilled workers. The holiday inn has different types of jobs such as waiting staff, managers, bar staff, accountants and lifeguards. Skilled workers There are two types of skilled workers there are semi-skilled workers and highly skilled workers. Skilled workers are people who have experience or qualifications. Highly skilled workers will be able to apply for jobs higher up in the company such as a manager or head of department. Semi-skilled workers will apply for positions higher than the lower jobs but may get jobs as managers. When recruiting skilled workers the company will look in a variety of places. If they needed to recruit a highly skilled worker then they will advertise in national newspapers, look though existing CVs and look in recruitment agencies. When they are looking to recruit semi-skilled workers they will advertise in local newspapers, on the internet and in job centers. The holiday inn will recruit mainly unskilled workers and only some skilled workers most of the managers are skilled workers there will only be one or two exceptions with the mangers. The reason the managers have to be skilled is because they need to know more about their specific job than the lower workers. Unskilled workers Unskilled workers are people who do not have any formal qualifications or training. These people may work as cleaners, waiters and bar staff. Most of the staff in the holiday inn are unskilled this is because most hotel work does not need qualifications to do them. Cleaners don’t need a-levels to be able to clean a bedroom. When the hotel needs to recruit someone it is up to the head of departments to recruit any unskilled employees. The holiday inn has a variety of places where they can get unskilled employees i.e. job center, local newspapers, university notice boards, local community centre notice board and at collages. Bar staff Most bar workers are unskilled or semi-skilled workers. The bar manager (food and beverage manager) takes on the role of recruiting bar staff. The bar staff are mainly part time workers. The holiday inn advertises in three ways: Though Job centers. Looking at C.Vs. Putting notices in the university/collage notice boards They advertise in the university and collages is because it is the trend to have young people as bar staff another reason is because students are able to work at flexible times making them the ideal workers. Cleaning staff Cleaning staff are another example of unskilled workers. They are recruited in the same ways as the bar staff are recruited. A high percentage of the housekeeping staff in the holiday inns workers are from abroad. I think the reason they choose a cleaning job is because they cannot speak English or there English is poor so they choose cleaning jobs so they don’t have to speak to anyone or speak a lot. Reception staff Reception staff are mainly semi-skilled workers. The holiday inn get people who have some level of administration training but when recruiting they must look further than qualifications and skills. They need to look for people who have high levels of interpersonal skills and potentially good at dealing with difficult customers and are able to cope in difficult situations they also need to know how to deal with customers complaints, demands and problems they will need to deal with stuff efficiently. There is no point in the holiday inn recruiting reception staff that have very poor interpersonal skills or they will be wasting there time and money as for they will have to sack them and then recruit someone else. The head receptionist Rachel Fox will deal with recruiting the receptionists she will do this by Reading though existing CVs to see if there is anyone possibly suitable. If they don’t find anyone from the CVs then they will have to start to look externally They will place advertisements in the local newspapers to get people interested in the job Some times they will look in the job centers to see if they have any one to match there description Sales Staff The sales manager is the person responsible for recruiting the sales staff. He will look for people who are outgoing, creative and motivated. The sales teams are usually highly skilled workers so the manager will recruit them in three main ways. The one what he/she is likely to use most is in the national newspapers however they also use recruitment agencies and CVs which they have received. Accounts Staff The staff that works in the accounts department is usually semi and highly skilled workers. There is a slight chance that that some times there will be someone that has not got any formal training. The accounts manager is responsible for dealing with the recruitment of accounts staff. He/she will do this in a number of different ways CVs Recruitment agencies Newspapers The recruitment agencies are ideal for looking and finding accounts staff. They agency can search its database to find a match for the requirements that the holiday inn are looking for. Waiters and waitresses Waiting staff are generally unskilled workers and are quiet young. The waiting staff will have to be friendly and kind to the customers to keep them happy. The food and beverage manager will deal with the recruitment of the waiting staff he/she will advertise at collage and universities notice boards or look though existing CVs he/she may even advertise on the internet. Maintenance staff The maintenance staff are mainly unskilled workers. They will take on the role of the daily janitor duties i.e. changing light bulbs, fixing railings, fixing the electrics and more. The operations manager will be the one to appoint them, he will recruit them from two places he will look in the local job centre or advertise in the local newspaper Head of departments The heads of departments are: Head receptionist Head housekeeper Head chef Food and beverage manager Sales manager Accounts manager Conference manager Most of the heads of departments above are highly qualified workers. The operations manager and the general manager are in control of the recruitment of the middle management they will be very particular about what they expect from employees of this level and they will outline there requirements in a detailed job specification. They will recruit middle management in the following ways. They will look though the current CVs that they have received. They will also advertise in the national newspapers the reason for this is that they will get a response from a wider range of people, so then they will have more possible candidates to select from. They will also register there requirements with the local recruitment agencies. The intercontinental group have there own website on which people can apply for jobs. The general and operations managers will look at the information of people who are registered on it to see if any of them might be suitable to fit the job they need to fill. Managers The general manager will be highly skilled as well as the operations manager these will be even more skilled than the rest of the employees. The reason they are skills and qualifications are a lot higher than any one else’s is because they have to make sure everyone else is doing there job. If someone is not doing there job then they will contact the head of departments to tell them what there staff are doing wrong. The general manager has to think up of strategies in case the business starts to go down hill. If this happens then the general manager will have to meet with the rest of the managers and tell them his plan of action. The operations manager will run the hotel on a daily basis and if there is a big problem then he will contact the general manager. The director of the business will be the person who recruits the managers the reason they recruit them is because they are the next below them so it is them who will make the choice. When they need to recruit on then they will advertise in national newspapers, though CVs and on the internet. Employee’s rights and responsibilities An employee must receive a contract; a contract is a legally binding agreement between two people. A contract of employment is when someone offers to work for someone else but get paid for the work e.g. employer and employee. Employees are entitled to four weeks paid holidays a year. An employee is entitled to be given a proper amount of notice if the employer wants to terminate their position. An employee must take reasonable care when using the employer’s equipment; they must also carry out there duties with care and skill. An employee must obey reasonable orders from the employer this means stuff which is covered by their contract of employment an employee must always play fair with the employer e.g. they must not work for the competitor and give away trade secrets. The employees in the holiday inn respect their working environment and take care when dealing with customers. Employee duties Employers are entitled to expect certain things from their employees in return Employees must be available, willing and capable to work Employees must be able to work at almost any time and they must be willing to work for the employer. If they are not physically or mentally fit to do the job they may be forced out of there job. In the holiday inn the receptionist must feel comfortable talking to people or this will effect the reputation of the holiday inn. Employees must take reasonable care and skill when doing the job Employees must take good care of the customer or it will affect the business. They must be skilled at there job or the may bring hazard to there self or others around them. The chef in the holiday inn must know how to use the cookers and ovens or they will cause a fire hazard. Employees must take proper care of their employer’s premises and equipment. Employees must take care of their employer’s equipment as if it was their own equipment. The receptionist in the holiday inn has to take care of the computers and the chef must not damage the cookers or smash plates. Employees must obey reasonable orders. If the employer asks the waiters to collect the plates then they must do it but if he/she asks them to clean rooms then they do not have to do it this is because it is not covered in their contract Employees must always play fair with the employer An employee must not work for a competitor at the same time and give away trade secrets. In the holiday inn the employees can not work for a different hotel company and tell them if the holiday inn is giving free child places or discounts. Employee’s health and safety at work Employees have a right to safe and healthy working conditions. The health and safety officer will usually deal with all the things to do with health and safety. The laws of health and safety make both the employer and employee responsible for health and safety in the work place. There are two Acts which cover anyone on the premises in health and safety. The first Act which deal’s with health and safety in the work place is â€Å"the health and safety at work Act 1974† this Act makes it so the employer must provide: Safe entrances an exits Safe equipment and machinery Training to ensure that staff work safely Written statement of the health and safety policy The health and safety 1974 applies to all work premises. Anyone who enters the premises is within the cover of the health and safety Act 1974. The health and safety policy must be updated, rewritten and distributed to employees continually. This Act means putting two requirements on the employees: To take care of their own health and safety and the health and safety of others who might be effected by their own activities Employees are also required to co-operate with their employer or any one else acting on there behalf with regards of health and safety. The second piece of legislation that deals with health and safety is called the workplace (health, safety and welfare) regulations 1992. 1. Work environment Effective ventilation. In the Holiday Inn they have air conditioning and windows to provide enough ventilation Reasonable temperature. The Holiday Inn will turn on the radiators if it gets too cold for the guests. If it is to hot they will put on the air conditioning on or open the windows. Adequate and emergency lighting. In the Holiday Inn there are certain lights that stay on when there is an emergency. Sufficient space. Employees needed some room to move so they are not tripping over each other or any objects. Suitable work stations. The receptionists in the Holiday Inn need some room to work on the computers and have to have a clean and suitable workstation 2. Safety Traffic routes for pedestrians and vehicles to circulate in a safe manner. This applies in the Holiday Inn when in the car park if they drive to fast there might be an accident. Properly constructed doors, gates and escalators. This means that electric doors have to have proper timings so there not to fast or to slow. The Holiday Inn has proper timings on the doors for elevators, escalators and electric doors. Properly constructed and maintained floors. The reason for this is so people don’t trip up and hurt themselves. Safe windows and skylights. The Holiday Inn has locks on the windows so they don’t open fully. Safeguards to prevent people or objects from falling from a height. The Holiday Inn has barriers around the balconies to stop people or objects from falling. 3. Facilities Sufficient toilet facilities. Meaning the toilets must be clean and have enough space for guests to move around. Adequate supply of water. The Holiday Inn needs enough hot water for all the guests to get showers or use the hot water. Adequate seating. The Holiday Inn must have enough seating for everyone who uses the restaurant and to watch the entertainment. Suitable storage for clothing. This will require wardrobes to be clean and have some hangers to hang cloths on. They will also need to be big enough to fit a reasonable amount of cloths. Rest areas. The Holiday Inn has large waiting areas near the reception. Adequate facilities for people who eat at work. They have a staff kitchen where they can cook stuff in the microwave or cooker. 4. housekeeping Proper maintenance of all work places equipment and facilities. They have a maintenance manager who is employed to do this. Cleanliness of all work places. Research Papers on Holiday Inn Case Study - Business PaperNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceThe Masque of the Red Death Room meanings19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyTwilight of the UAWInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into Asia

Monday, October 21, 2019

Role Models

Role Models Free Online Research Papers Role models are people who you look up to or inspire you. Such as Sport Players, Singers, Actors and or Actress, and family Members. My Role models are my two Cousins Kimberly and Mary, I look up to them and they inspire my very much. They help me with anything I need such as School work and problems I have in my life. To them they are not perfect but from me they are easily perfect. They help me learn form my mistakes and help me with ones I going through. They are goofy and silly. They are smart and pretty. When I grow up I want to be such like them they inspire me with everything they do even walking. They are my heroes they make me feel like I am the coolest person in the world and I think they are. They never ignore me no matter how annoying I get. They are the nicest people in the world and no matter how not perfect they think they are they are perfect in all my books with everything they do. They don’t live close to me and I don’t get to see them very often so every chance I get its like Christmas to me. They I have no idea what they mean to me. They mean the world. I would do anything for them. They have made me so happy and I love seeing them so much. Sometimes they might think I hate them but I never do. They can make me smile no matter what my mode is. I love everything about them is kind of scary. they are my best friends and they are easy to talk to. I love them with all my heart and I don’t know what I would do with out them in my life. Research Papers on Role ModelsPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyWhere Wild and West MeetCapital PunishmentComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoHip-Hop is ArtIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalThe Hockey GameBringing Democracy to AfricaRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Essay

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Assessment for learning Essay Example for Free (#9)

Assessment for learning Essay Learning is an innate capability of a person. People perceive things and learn through their experiences while they grow up and develop accordingly with their ages. Aside from the normal people who learn in the normal way, there are off course other people who are above normal, after which learn through special trainings and conditioning. People learn accordingly with their capacity to gain information and store it in their minds. It is not only by sending children to school that they are learning but also through their real life experiences that require not only for their intelligence but also for their emotional skills. In determining the learning rate of a certain group, it is very important that the surveyor is able to gather the information about the specific group such as age range, family background, nutrition of the students and other factors that actually affect the learning activity of a person, be it a cognitive or conditional learning. There are also specific tests that can be given to the students or the target learners to have written and documented results. Suppose I chose the pool of elementary students that includes children ranging from 10-11 years old. These children are already exposed to a large scope of media that portray the different roles and scenarios in the society. If I am to analyze their emotional intelligence, I would give them examinations that can determine how well they interact with other students such that they will be told to work on groups. Through the activity, students with good family background can actually have the bigger possibilities of leading the group thus causing peace whenever other children tend to fight for what they believe. Off course there will be passive kind of children and the best tool to give or offer them are group dynamics that can actually unleash their inner talents. That is also possible if the conductor of the test is encouraging and enthusiastic. In terms of academic assessments, children on this age range can be fed with lectures and practice activities such as solving math problems or subject and verb agreement. In my past experiences as a child, it is very effective for me that children will be given the chance to construct their own sentences and math problems. After that, children will be asked to solve and analyze what they do and have it in group discussions. Group discussions can help the children to gain other ways of solving such problems and understanding different sentences. It is also helpful that the teacher follows up the development of the understanding of a student. Assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the lesson is necessary thus providing them devices and strategies that can help them understand more the difficult points. Specific tools that can be used in assessing the ability of a person in Mathematics and English can be flash cards and reading literary pieces (stories, anecdotes) respectively. Both can add up to the expertise of a student to the subject matter. Every child deserves the right for education. For those who can’t afford it, there are still many ways to supply your children with it; either tutoring them every day or enrolling them a school that caters scholarships. It is vital to feed the children with knowledge while they are young and still can acquire and save them to their memories. The value of education is much more priceless than any treasure in this world: not fading but still growing through ages. QCA WEBSITE. Assessment for learning. Retrieved 1 May 2008 from http://www. qca. org. uk/qca_5067. aspx Assessment for learning. (2017, Jan 11).

Friday, October 18, 2019

Marketing Planning for Gu Fru Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Marketing Planning for Gu Fru - Essay Example They offer variety of flavors such as, lime, raspberry, chocolate, mango and passion fruit (JustFood, 2011). Mission: Company mission is to create quality and tasteful mousses, souffles, chocs, cheesecakes, melting middles, tortes, brownie cakes, nibbles and naughties and to create a whole new world of chocolate extremism that’s strictly for adults; which will give them decadently delightful delicacies (GuPuds, 2011). Segmentation, Targeting, locations, population and Trends: GU changed its brand image and re-launches its brand in the market with stronger brands and packaging. The addition of the chocolate line makes this company stronger in the market who are dealing in same packaged products (Gatten, 2011). This market is divided into several sub segments, such as: Chilled Disserts Formage Frais Yogurts GU is offering products in the chilled disserts segment. The UK market for pot disserts and Yogurt is look like: Figure 1: Market Share of Chilled Food in UK 2009 (The Free L ibrary, 2011) The pot dissert market in UK is almost worth around ?1.9 billion, which also includes yougurt. This market almost grown 9.8% due to chilled disserts and yogurt which together makes 88% of the market. Chilled dissert is second largest segment of the industry and worth almost over ?0.5 billion and growing with rapid pace of over 4% in UK (The Free Library, 2011). Main market for Gu in this segments are young adults and in Britain 660,900 tonnes of chocolate a year were eaten and almost 11kg per person per year is the rate. The target market for this segment is young kids, young adults and elderly people as well. This segments most likely target market is kids and youngsters. UK Pot Dissert Market: This is the main market for GU and this market is grown significantly in last couple of years in UK. The main factors of this growth is people living alone are increased significantly and demand for single and smaller disserts increased significantly in result which will be a g ood trend for products like Gu. The chilled dissert market is almost worth around ?618.3 million in year 2010 which is up from ?597.2 million in year 2009. The market is grown significantly The market demand for products, like; chilled and pot disserts, puddings, mousses and cheese cakes are on the rise in UK and all these products are offered by GU. The quarter of the adults eat disserts as a part of their main meal. Disserts are mainly served in house hold to children, two-third working mothers buy these pot disserts for their kids (Bainbridge, 2006). The target market for chilled pot disserts is mainly adults. The main age of the target consumer is in between 15 and 25. Where people with age over 65 also a main target for such products. People with age between 45 and 54 are the least likely buyer of such products (Bainbridge, 2006). Marketing Mix (4Ps) Product/Service Strategy: The products are innovative and very unique, people love to try their products and enjoy it. The only p roblem with their products is that people on the diet should be care full before eating their products. Although, the share of the company is not high but the company is gaining momentum in the market

EU Law assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

EU Law assignment - Essay Example had reviewed the role of the national courts and maintained that the spirit of the EC law would be harmed if individuals were deprived of availing themselves of redressal for damages suffered due to the infringement of EC law by national highest courts of last instance of the respective member states. The ECJ specified that the national courts that constitute the very last forum were truly the last judicial entities available to individuals. At that stage individuals attempt to assert the rights provided by Community law. Thus the judicial bodies that are in effect the last resort of individuals at the national level should invariably follow the provisions of Community law. The ECJ also pointed out that Article 234 EC is an indicator of the spirit of the Community and the Treaty Scheme that protects individual rights conferred by the Community law. Therefore, the national courts of last instance should not infringe Community law3. The ECJ’s ruling in Kobler paved the way to initiate elaborate discussions on several legislative issues concerning state liability. The Advocate General asserted that judges of national courts should not confine themselves to the national law alone, but that they have to act within the purview of the EC law, in order to maintain the spirit of the EC Treaty. This requires national judges to critically assess the scope of national law and the application of the EC law over national law, since EC law has supremacy over national law. Moreover, they have to ensure that their national law is in conformity with the Community law. This would result in the judges of the domestic courts, ignoring pieces of national legislation that were enacted lawfully under the national procedure for enacting laws, in order to give preference to EC law. In such situations the fundamental doctrine of separation of powers would have to be infringed. This role allotted to the judiciary is akin to the r ole allotted to the higher courts that have to uphold the

All Processing Beneath Conscious Awareness is Carried out by Essay

All Processing Beneath Conscious Awareness is Carried out by Subcortical Structures - Essay Example The process of conscious awareness demands concentration since one maybe conscious but not aware of their conscious state. People possess a strong sense of own self and observe their feelings, thinking and how they go about their lives. Human posses a powerful sense of own self, and can observe their feelings, thinking and going about lives. Sub cortical structures refer to the structures that exist below the cerebral cortex surface. All the processing that is beneath a person’s conscious awareness is not necessarily executed by sub cortical structures. The fear response It explains that sub cortical structures facilitate all unconscious processing. When a person feels in danger, it is the information that reaches the amygdale through the sub cortical pathway that triggers flight or fight response. The sub cortical pathway involves the transfer of information from the sense organs to the thalamus and finally to the amygdale. For processing that is beneath conscious awareness, information travels through the sub cortical pathway which is usually shorter and carries less information concerning the stimulus (Open University Course Team, 2006). This transfers less information concerning the stimulus and thus triggers a fear response. For instance, a person jumps at a harmless shadow in response to the stimulus. The benefit of this transfer method is that it allows for quick response to various stimuli. On the other hand, the cortical structures may also facilitate processing that is beneath conscious processing. This occurs where the cortical pathway delivers information concerning various stimuli leading to various responses. This may happen is situations that do not require quick response to the situation since the cortical pathway is slow. In cases of death and life situations, the pathway may lead to death situations due to it slow characteristic. Despite this drawback, it can also lead to unconscious reaction to various stimuli (Open University Course T eam, 2006) Attention and consciousness As part of one’s normal activities, we perform many actions that do not require attention. For instance, a driver depresses the clutch pedal and hence changes gear automatically. This is a process that occurs in a smooth manner during the appropriate time while still concentrating on what is happening on the road. This indicates that sub cortical structures facilitate unconscious reactions to various responses. This takes place through the sub cortical pathway which delivers information unconsciously leading to a quick response to the stimuli. However, this is a process that one acquires through learning where the sensory-motor coordination will now tend to occur beneath conscious awareness. This process becomes automatic and effortless thus giving a person a chance to concentrate elsewhere (Open University Course Team, 2006). On the other hand, before we learn these activities, it is usually a conscious process. For instance, a research carried by Raichle discovered that there exists a whole suite in the process of brain activation between effortless and automatic phases that a person practices. They proved that attention is necessary for an unlearned activity while there is no demand for concentration during an automatic response. Blind sight This is a condition where the sufferer responds to visual stimuli without perceiving them consciously. For instance, a monkey with a blind sight named Helen

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 72

Assignment - Essay Example The health care sector is highly complex and therefore requires utmost efficiency in terms of making decisions. When making decisions concerning a given problem or situation it is necessary to first make sure that the problem at hand is well understood. A detailed analysis of the problem may be laid down in a bid to ensure that the decisions made leave no loop holes. Failure to understand the situation or problem in play may lead to wrong decisions without having solved the real problem. For instance, a research showed that experienced nurse executives make quick decisions without â€Å"a thorough analysis, a strategy that may result in the right decision for the wrong problem† (Effken, Verran, Logue, and Hsu 2010, p.3). This implies that an analysis of the problem plays a great role in making the right decisions. After the analysis, all possible solutions should be stipulated in line with the situation at hand. All alternatives presented should be received with an open mind and an alternative should only be dismissed due to its inability to provide a solution and not just because it may be unpleasant to a particular individual. Carefully considering all alternatives the best one should be identified followed by a suitable execution plan. Having taken the best course of action, it is highly likely that the right decision will be made. Effective decisions should give solutions to the root causes not just the general problems thereby ensuring that the problem is not frequently recurrent. This may be particularly important in nursing to ensure that the diagnosis given attains full cure of the patients. In making managerial decisions, it is important to first try to predict the implications at each level since they affect the whole organization. Effective decision making is important since it leads to achievement of organizational goals. Realization of the set objectives is only possible through cooperation across the entire

Literature review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Literature review - Essay Example Characteristic Expenditure in Australia average per night average per visitor Length of stay Main source market Age Martial status Travel party Repeat visitation On a travel package Share of accommodation nights Main courses studied Length of course Educational institution Formal $90 $16,000 170 nights 16% Chinese 9% Malaysians 8% Koreans 50% are 20-24 years 20% are 15-19 years 18% are 25-29 years 88% are single 86% traveled alone 59% were return visitors 7% package Rental accommodation (65%) Undergraduate degree (36%) English course ((20%) Post-graduate degree (19%) 58% studied a course with a duration of 1 year or more University (62%) Informal $65 $7000 95 nights 26% Malaysians 20% Indians 10% Koreans 31% are 20-24 years 20% are 35-44 years 19% are 25-29 years 68% are single 80% traveled alone 51% were return visitors 11% package Rental accommodation (42%) English course (36%) Work-related course (11%) On-the-job / Internal training (8%) 82% studied a course with a duration of less than 3 months English language institute (31%) Source: Tourism Research Australia International Visitor Survey 2007 (National Centre, 14) Surname 3 Importance of the Study Tourism Market Foreign education market is known as a significant and growing industry for Australian tourism. In 2006, around 350,000 foreign education visitors stayed for approximately 44 million nights in Australia. In 2007, it grew to almost 500,000 education visitors. Although consisting of just 6% of all international tourists, foreign education tourists contributed around 30% of visitor nights and almost 30% towards total spend in Australia (National Centre, 14). Over time, the international education industry has shown... Per survey results, approximately 500,000 foreign education visitors studied in Australia in 2007. Of these foreign education visitors, 75% were formal study toursits and 25% were informal study tourists. Altogether, foreign education tourists stayed in Australia for 86 million nights and were worth around $7B to the tourism industry in 2007. This sum has not included yet the spending of friends and relatives that visited these foreign education visitors (National Centre, 11-13). Within these previous studies, the characteristics of formal and non-formal foreign education tourists were quite diverse as was the nature of the studies they took. FIGURE 1: Summary of Formal and Informal Study Tourism Market 2007: Foreign education market is known as a significant and growing industry for Australian tourism. In 2006, around 350,000 foreign education visitors stayed for approximately 44 million nights in Australia. In 2007, it grew to almost 500,000 education visitors. Although consisting of just 6% of all international tourists, foreign education tourists contributed around 30% of visitor nights and almost 30% towards total spend in Australia (National Centre, 14). Over time, the international education industry has shown continuous progress. Between 2001 and 2007, the average rate of increase per year was 9%.